Friday, April 30, 2010

RS-232 / Keyboard Interface Assembly - Working!



The image above shows the first sign of life for this PS2 keyboard interface to an Apple-1 Obtronix. It worked the first time, no problems at all. Note that as soon as I powered up the Apple-1, the interface automatically sent a Reset and a Clear Screen, and you can see that we end up at the prompt, ready for input. The keyboard LEDs lit, including Caps-lock. I then tested the Control-sequences:
RESET = Ctrl + Alt + Del
CLR SCREEN = Ctrl + C, Ctrl + L, Ctrl + R
I am back in business with a working keyboard!

Tuesday, April 20, 2010

RS-232 / Keyboard Interface Assembly







PS-2/RS232 to ASCII Keyboard Adapter Assembly
(designed by Mike Willegal)

I spent about an hour assembling the adapter PCB tonite. I took my time, otherwise I suppose you could build this board in about 30 minutes. I started off by cleaning the board with a tissue splashed with a bit of isopropyl alcohol. I soldered all of the jumper wires first, which took about 40 minutes. This was the most challenging part of assembly, the rest was a breeze. The only thing I have left to do is solder the ZIFF socket (when I receive it). Notice that I used a pair of needle nosed vice-grips to crimp the ribbon cable. This worked perfectly, I was amazed at how it snapped right into place!.

Tips:

1. Use "helping hands" if you can. Otherwise, tape the PCB to your workbench so the PCB doesn't slide around on you.
2. After inserting the .1uF caps, GENTLY pull the leads through with a pair of small pliers.
3. Cut and strip all of your jumper wires beforehand. (See my previous post)
4. Use really thin solder (e.g. .020)
5. Use masking tape on EVERY component you solder including the jumper wires. The only exception is the RS-232 connector (DB-9), which easily snaps into place before soldering.
7. Check your connections with a magnifying glass and multi-meter (set to measure OHMs) to make sure there are no shorts between adjacent soldering points.
8. Solder a BARE wire between pins 16 and 5v. THEN solder a wire from pin 15 to the bare wire (Thus providing 5v to pin 15).

Sunday, April 18, 2010

Saturday, April 17, 2010

PS2/RS-232 to ASCII Keyboard Adapter cont'd


After reading the instruction pamphlet, I measured, cut and stripped the jumper wires. I decided I wanted to solder these first, before soldering the DIP sockets -- mainly because this board is really tight and I wanted the extra space to work. I ordered a few more ZIFF sockets, which I'll be installing on this PCB as I did with the Apple II keyboard interface. Having a "quick disconnect" from the motherboard is a luxury, but it is worth the extra few dollars it costs to install a ZIFF socket. Unfortunately, I won't have them for several weeks due to a backup in the postal system.

Monday, April 12, 2010

PS2/RS-232 to ASCII Keyboard Adapter





Mike Willegal has done it again. I mentioned awhile back, while working on my A-1 BASIC firmware card, that my Apple II keyboard stopped working. I've decided to replace it with a PS/2 keyboard for now, until I can find another affordable ASCII keyboard. To do so, I will need Mike's adapter. These photos show 2 kits that Mike sent to me. You can see the high quality DIP sockets Mike included in these kits. It's also a good thing he included the 16 connector ribbon cable, because I only have 200 feet-- (I bought some extra just in case I "run out") ;D
Mike's kit includes an instruction booklet, and PCB diagrams to aid in assembly. I will post my progress as I build these kits. (The kits also include wire for jumpering, not pictured)


Saturday, April 3, 2010

Wow! New Apple-1 Memory Test Utility...

Can't get into the Monitor? Tired of RAM chip swapping?
Check out Mike Willegal's Apple-1 Memory test utility!

Comparison: Mimeo PCB to Obtronix PCB

Mike Willegal's Mimeo is on the left, underneath Stephen Gabaly's Obtronix board on the right.
The inset is an original Apple-1. Aside from the obvious Apple logo differences, note the trace differences; The Mimeo has thicker traces, and rounded corners, vs. the thinner and more jagged traces found on the Obtronix board.
Also note the stencil differences and the via diameter differences.

Mike Wllegal's Mimeo

2 Mimeo boards end to end, front and back.

Obtronix Apple-1 Reproduction Kit Instructions

These kits came with instruction sheets. My first kit did not, but I was able to find the instructions on the internet. (They were posted on my blog as well sometime in 2009).

Obtronix Apple-1 Active Parts Kit (chips & regulators)



Obtronix Apple-1 Reproduction Kits

2 Obtronix kits crammed into one box (as I received them). One bag of parts omitted in the photo as I put them in another box for obvious reasons. When the kits arrived, the ribbon cable pins were bent, so I straightened them out, placed DIP sockets on each end, then capped the pins with antistatic foam. I put all of the parts back into a large ziploc bag.

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Apple 1 Cassette Interface Kits



These kits are made by Obtronix. These appear to be very nice quality.
I will be replacing the plastic A3 and A4 PROM chips with 6301-1J ceramic chips that I have already had programmed. Note also that these kits include the DIP sockets! These were not included in the Obtronix kits (at least not mine).

UPDATE Apr.11.2010: Increase the reliability of the ACI by replacing the .01uF filter capacitor with a .1uF capacitor - see Mike Willegal's detailed analysis and conclusion here.

Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Another very nice Apple-1 sold on ebay yesterday












Here is the full description from the auction:

Apple 1 - ORIGINAL, with Keyboard, RF Modulator, Cassette Interface Card and Tapes

The offering includes:

Apple 1 motherboard, 4K RAM installed (other 4K RAM sockets empty), all ORIGINAL Apple 1 components

Keyboard with modified cable for the Apple 1

RF Modulator

Apple 1 Cassette Interface card, all original components

Six Apple 1 program tapes (Monitor/Disassembler, Integer Basic, AppleTrek, Hamurabi, Maze Creator, and Blackjack)

Statement of Authenticity, signed by Steve Wozniak (Apple Employee #1)

Apple 1 Condition Notes:

On the front of the Apple 1 are a few (appropriate!) configuration wires.

There are two spots on the back where the solder mask has been removed, traces were cut and then repaired expertly (see close-ups).

The LM323 voltage regulator was replaced, using a part taken from another Apple 1.

Date codes for all chips may be found here. (date code is usually YYWW - 2 digits for Year plus 2 digits for Week).

Otherwise, it is very clean. Wendell Sander, who has inspected a number of existing Apple 1s, proclaimed it the most pristine he'd seen.

NOTE: This offering is of Historical Artifacts, not as functioning electronic components. None of the electronic items in this offering have been powered up in over 20 years. Although fully functional then, all electronics in this offering should be considered UNTESTED. Likewise, the program tapes may or may not be functional.

Other Information:

Board Size: 9" x 15.5" x 1.5"

Shipping Weight: 5 lbs.

Shipping: UPS (Insured, Signature Required)

This auction item is only offered within the United States of America, for delivery in the USA only.

This item is part of a collection of early Apple products and prototypes.

For a look at more items in the collection, Visit our eBay Store: Early Apple.

Back Story:

The founders of Apple knew that one of the keys to long term success was Customer Support. In the beginning that meant Steve Wozniak took customer phone calls to help in any way he could with the Apple 1. With the launch of the Apple II, everyone in engineering (and some of the production line technicians) took calls... but most Apple 1 questions still had to be taken by Woz. It was decided that to best support the Apple 1 owners the easiest thing to do was convert them to Apple II owners. Apple offered a trade-in deal to Apple 1 owners: trade in the Apple 1 for an Apple II (by late 1978 the offer also included a Disk Drive!). Most were traded in. This freed Woz from phone duties, rewarded early Apple adopters with a more capable computer, and allowed Apple to fulfill its commitment to great Customer Service.

Cliff dropped into Steve Jobs' office one day and couldn't help but notice the huge pile of Apple 1 boards - those that had been traded-in for the Apple II. "What are you going to do with those?", Cliff asked. Steve told him that they were to be destroyed. "Mind if I take one... Oh! And one for my brother?", Cliff asked. Steve reached into the pile and pulled out two boards and handed them to Cliff. Many people around Apple were amused and asked, "Why would you want one of those?" "It's history," was the reply, "just history."

Though hundreds of Apple 1 computers were sold, the trade-in deal reduced the population to the few that exist today. This is one that that got a last minute reprieve from the band-saw death pile!

Payment and Shipping

Payment Method

We accept payments via PayPal only. PLEASE NOTE: We will only ship to your PayPal address in the United States, so please make sure that PayPal has your correct USA shipping address on file. You must not change your address after your bid is placed.

Return Policy:

No returns. Please be certain about what is being offered by reading the description carefully. When in doubt, contact us for clarification before placing a bid.

Shipping & Tracking

We will only ship to your PayPal address in the United States, so please make sure that PayPal has your correct USA shipping address on file. You must not change your address after your bid is placed.

Items with a closing bid lower than $250 will be shipped USPS "Flat Rate". You will receive notification of shipment via email the evening of the day of shipment. Tracking is not offered for USPS shipped items.

Items with a closing bid greater than $250 will be shipped via UPS ground only. You will receive UPS tracking information via email the evening of the day of shipment. Items shipped via UPS will require a signature at the time of delivery.

Most orders paid before 4:00pm PST will be shipped on the next business day.

Stated Handling Charges:

Items shipped via UPS will be insured to the full closing bid price. The handling price is the cost of insurance based on the starting bid. We will pay any additional insurance costs and signature fees.

Customer Service & Feedback
:

We want you to be satisfied with your purchase. Please Ask a Question before buying if you are not certain. We will answer your questions as soon as we can. And If you have any issues once you have received your product, please let us know as soon as possible, and before leaving feedback, so that we may resolve your problem.

About the Offerings:

Many of the items were rescued from being lost during office and laboratory moves in the early days at Apple. They were "just prototypes" and "junk" that were cluttering up the place and weren't deemed worthy for storing. Management approval was always obtained for taking the rescued items... The items accumulated at their homes in boxes, closets, and drawers. What might have been lost, all these years later, are now historical relics that deserve better treatment and appreciation as collector items or museum pieces.

Some other items are being offered that are merely memorabilia. No suggestions of historical value are made for these items.

As much as practical, the rare or one of a kind items are accompanied with "Providence" - written documentation and statements by their creator and/or a witness that they are indeed the genuine article. Please read the the offering description carefully, before bidding, so you understand exactly what is included in the offering.

About the Sellers:

Brothers Dick and Cliff Huston were early Apple engineers, employee numbers 25 and 27 respectively, from late 1977 to mid 1984. They were there to celebrate when Apple shipped 100 computers in a single month. Working along side Woz, both were involved with the creation of the Apple II disk drive - Cliff designed the analog board in the drive, while Dick wrote the 13-sector "boot" ROM and fixed bugs in DOS. They also contributed to other early peripheral products, including the printer card(s), high speed serial card, and graphics tablet. Dick worked on DOS 3.2, Apple III SOS, ProFile hard disk, ProDOS, and Apple IIc. While working at Apple's Disk Division, Cliff "moonlighted" with the Macintosh group to integrate the Sony 3.5" floppy drive into the Mac design (have you ever seen a Macintosh with a 5.25" Twiggy drive? - they existed).

After leaving Apple, the brothers teamed up with other ex-Apple employees to found a company called "The Engineering Department, Inc.", also known as TED. The President and CTO of TED was Wendell Sander (Apple employee #16), who had done the digital design of many Apple peripheral products, cleanup of the Apple II design, the "Integrated Woz Machine" (IWM) disk controller chip, the Apple III, and many other projects. TED continued working with Apple as an outside contractor, producing prototypes such as Apple's first ARM-based project (the ARM was used later in Newton), chip designs such as the SWIM disk controller ("Sander-Wozniak Integrated Machine", not "Super-Wozniak Integrated Machine" as reported!), and support for Apple projects such as the Apple IIc-plus (TED integrated the 3.5" floppy disk). TED also design ed(hardware and software) "Little Blue", better known as Applied Engineering's PC-Transporter fpr Apple IIe and Apple IIGS.

Dick returned to Apple to work in Newton group from 1994 to 1998. He worked on the Newton Connection Kit application and later on the Newton OS for the MP120/130 and MP2000/2100 series of Newtons.

Saturday, March 20, 2010

The Mimeo 1 - Mike Willegal's beautiful PCB



Mike did a beautiful job laying out this board -- based on images of the original Apple-1. This probably wasn't an easy task. Very nice work. I have 2 of these boards, and may someday get around to building one. Visit Mike's website for more information.
I will post additional higher quality images soon.

Sunday, March 14, 2010

6820 PIA - AMI and other hard-to-find chips from 1976


UPDATE May.21.2010 - 6820L (A little easier to find than the AMI)
2513 (All of the above are programmed with other-than, Apple-1 character sets! SUPER hard to find). In any case, had I known they weren't the correct charsets for the Apple-1, I wouldn't have purchased them!

(2504 and 1404a cross reference -- very hard to find in small quantities)
2519B (EXTREMELY hard to find)

6820 PIA by AMI (EXTREMELY hard to find)

Giant on a board, the Orange 1

Interface Age, July 1976

(I was tipped off by Cameron Cooper about this article)

The "Woz bible" - Small Computer Handbook 1967






I'm not 100% sure about this.... but Woz referred to a "book on computers" as his Bible in the 1996 documentary film, "Triumph of the Nerds" hosted by Robert X. Cringely. Woz did not mention the name of the book, but it is believed the book he was referring to, was one of the editions of the DEC Small Computer Handbook for the PDP-8 (I read this somewhere a few years ago... I am still digging to find out where I found this information originally).
Here are 2 that I have in my collection. One is the third edition, and the other is referred to as the 1967 edition. Both were published in 1967.
These copies are somewhat fragile and have significant page yellowing, but are still readable.

UPDATE: So this is correct... per Woz

==========================
UPDATE: From Woz --

"Early in my life I found a journal with some computer articles. At that time, it was my bible.

In high school I came across a Small Computer Handbook (PDP-8) and it became a 'bible' to me, although that's a poor phrase. It took me to the next level but then I found how to get many other manuals and I lived on them all. The one I remember was the second of those on your web page. I'm sure that was what was being referred to on the TV show.

In Apple design days, my card that showed the op codes for the 6502 microprocessor would have been my bible. "



Saturday, March 13, 2010

Floppy drive, early (Apple II) schematics, and stuff hand-wired by Woz



Wendell Sander informs us of some very interesting items going up for sale in the near future, you are not going to want to miss this:

"This Apple 1 is the best Apple 1 I have ever seen. It is clean and looks like no mods were ever made. It looks like it just came out of the box.

I'm not sure if people will appreciate the importance of the Floppy Drive development but that was an amazing piece of work by Woz and Rod Holt with Cliff''s help and was a pivotal point in Apple's growth. Apple was the first to have a practical, reliable and useable solution to floppy drives on a personal computer and that established them as the leader against much larger companies such as Radio Shack and Commodore and thus assured Apple's survival.

I have seen all of this material and it is quite remarkable.
Wendell "

Early Apple (Cliff and Dick Huston's site)


UPDATE Mar.20.2010: These items are currently up for auction on Ebay